Unit 8
True False Questions
HYPNOTISM
Remember that you should try to change the false questions so as to make them true. Change the subject or the predicate of the false statements. The number which appears after each statement refers to pages in Edwin Boring's "History of Experimental Psychology," if you have access to it. There may be a few questions from there that are not covered on our web pages, so don't be puzzled by that.
1. The early study of hypnotism forms the background for the experimental study of motivation. (116)
2. Magnetism was early believed to be a mysterious force in the universe; some also believed this force to exist in humans, and so called it animal magnetism. (116)
3. Mesmer was a physicist in England who discovered how to produce hypnotism and it was thus called "mesmerism." (117)
4. Mesmer believed that metal magnets were essential to the production of hypnotism. (117)
5. There is a parallel between the social attitudes towards towards phrenology and towards phrenology. (119)
6. Elliotson was responsible for interest in mesmerism in England. (119)
7. Mesmerism did not become popular in the nineteenth century because it failed to provide anesthetic relief. (122, 124)
8. Interest in spiritualism and clairvoyance helped to make mesmerism popular. (122)
9. Mesmerism was found to be successful as an anesthetic agent by the work of Esdaile, in India. (123)
10. Both mesmerism and chemicals were discovered to have anesthetic effects about the same time -- in the 1940's. (124)
11. Braid changed the label for mesmerism to that of "nervous death." (124)
12. Braid at first attempted to explain hypnotism as a result of physiological factors such as changes in eyelid muscles (127)
13. Braid later correctly explained hypnotism as the result of extrasensory
phenomena such as ESP. (128).
14. The physiological and psychological explanations of hypnotism which were emerging in mid nineteenth century were consistent with the development in the Zeitgeist of physiology and psychology. (128-29)
15. Boring believes that the topic of motivation got relegated to abnormal psychology because hypnotism was associated with magic rather than with physiology and philosophy as was sensation and perception. (129)
16. The psychology of sensation, perception, and memory had already had a century or so of thinking devoted to it. (129)
17. The psychology of motivation is a dynamic psychology, stressing the conative and affective side of Plato's tripartite mind and what led eventually to clinical psychology and personality theory.
18. Hypnotism was an important contributor to dynamic psychology because Charcot and Freud, in their use of it, demonstrated that there were unconscious determinants of behavior. (129)
19. Sensation and connectionistic psychology were characterized by such concepts as attitude, set, wish, suggestion. (129)
20. Set, wish, suggestion, hypnotism could be explained only by central rather than periphera1 explanations.
21. Charcot's work at the Salpetriere was based on the belief that hypnotism was associated with pathology, namely hysteria. (130)
22. Bernheim, at Nancy, held an opposing point of view (supporting Braid), that hypnotism was a "normal" phenomenon and could be explained by that of "suggestion." (130)
23. Charcot's explanation has stood the test of time. (130)
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DYNAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
1. Dynamic psychology includes the following schools: psychoanalysis, purposive psychology, behaviorism.
2. The major dynamic psychologists were McDougall, Woodworth, Lewin, Murray.
3. The philosopher to whom one could trace most of dynamic psychology was Leibnitz
4. Hedonism is expressed in psychology most simply by Thorndike's "law of effect." (693).
5. The "law of effect" states that if behavior leads to undesirable consequences, then
the behavior will be stamped in as a habit
6. Psychoneurosis and hypnotism form the background for motivation psychology (694).
7. Dorthea Dix is one of the great crusaders for eleviating the problems of the mentally ill. (695).
8. Charcot was more influential than any other man in effecting Freud's thinking
about psychoneurois
9. The symptoms of hysteria (psychoneurosis) are paralyses and anesthesias (697).
lO. Hysteria comes from the Greek word meaning testicles. (697)
11. Freud believed that the male obsession with sex was a primary contributor to
psychoneurosis (697)
12. The similarity between hypnosis and hysteria is that they both involve convincing
sensory and muscular malfunctioning. (692).
13. Bernheim and Braid of the Nancy School maintained that hypnosis was based upon the
normal phenomenon of suggestion (698).
14. Activity psychology is based on the assumption that tensions-lead to activity. (701-02).
15. The beginnings of activity psychology go back to Locke. (702)
16. Monads are active developing emerging into degrees of consciousness (702).
17. Herbart's psychology was a straight description of the contents of consciousness
rather than the dynamics of consciousness (702)
18. That which is above the limen of consciousness is not available for individual
inspection or awareness (702)
19. Wundt was more of a static psychologist that was Leibnitz. (703)
20. Hedonism is the theory that man seeks to act in accordance with ational principles (703)
21. English utilitarianism maintained that man seeks a common social goal because to do
otherwise leads to conflict ant thus to pain. (704).
22. Bentham and Adam Smith believed that self interest results in "the greatest good to
the greatest number."
23. Thorndike's law of effect was a hedonism of the future. (706)
24. Nineteenth century Vitalism was supported by the doctrine that "no other forces than
common physical chemical ones are act ive in the organism." (708)
25. Catharsis was the process of eliminating hysterical symptoms through hypnotic
26. Among Freud's colleagues were James, Titchener, and Cattell. (71i)
27. Adler believed that neurosis could be explained as a reaction to the birth trauma. (712)
28. The need for superiority and power stems from the inferiority complex. (713).
29. The psychological concepts basic to purposive psychology include: tension, expectation, set, determining tendency, attitude, instinct, drive, incentive, purpose and need. (715-16)
30. McDougall's instinct theory was an attempt to counteract Scottish faculty psychology (718)
31. Tolman was a strong advocate of investigating molar behavior. (720).
32. Molecular behavior consists of large, global, whole units of behavior. (720)
33. Intervening variables are vague, abstract, hypothetical concepts. (720)
34. Tolman devised specialized unique terms to account for the concepts which bridge
behaviorism and Gestalt psychology. (720-21).
35. Cause and effect and stimulus and response relations are mechanisms which attempt to
answer the question "why." (722)
36. That which gets a mechanism started, which provides it with its energy is called drive (723)
37. In Lewin's field theory, the concept of life space refers to the person's presently
perceived environment, both psychological and geographical. (725).
38. The leadership studies conducted by Lippitt, White, and others, supported Murray's
need psychology (727)
39. Murray's work on the TAT test was conducted at Yale University. (728)
40. Psychologists at the Yale institute were conducting research to support Hullian theory (729)
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October 20, 2009