Color Notes
Home Up

COLOR: Theory, Systems, and Psychology

Science and Theory

bulletColor is a property of light, not objects.
bulletWhite light contains all wave lengths. Black objects absorb all wave lengths.
bulletObjects absorb the wave lengths of light that we do not see. They reflect the wave lengths that we do see.
bulletWhen you see blue, the red and yellow light is absorbed. When you see red, the blue and yellow light is absorbed.

The colors of the rainbow result from two facts

bulletSunlight is made up of all colors that the human eye can see.
bulletLight of different colors is refracted by different amounts when it passes from one medium into another .

Light in our Environment

bulletIncandescent lighting has a red-orange color.
bulletIt is thought to produce light that is more flattering to human skin tones.
bulletIt is less energy efficient.

Light in our Environment

bulletFluorescent light has a green-blue cast.
bulletIt is more efficient, but considered less flattering.

Light in our Environment

Day light is balanced. Color matching should be done using day light or other balanced color light.

Color Systems

bulletHelp us to match and identify color.
bulletThe simplest system is sometimes referred to as the elementary color system.
bulletIt has three primary and three secondary colors on a basic 12 hue color wheel.

Elementary System: Color Wheel

The Munsell Color System

bulletHas 5 primary colors and 5 secondary colors.
bulletColors are defined in three dimensions.

Munsell System: HUE

Munsell System: Value

bulletThe lightness or darkness of a color.

Munsell System: Intensity

bulletThe brightness or dullness of a color.
bulletIt is changed by adding the complimentary color.

Munsell Color Solid

Other Color Systems

bulletOstwald
bullettwo dimensional: hue and value

Color Harmonies

bulletComplimentary
bulletVarying values and intensities of two colors opposite on the color wheel.
bulletTriadic
bulletMonochromatic
bulletVarying values and intensities of one color.
bulletAnalogous
bulletThree hues adjacent on the color wheel.

From the 1492 Exhibit, Library of Congress

Marc Chagall

Erte

Artistic Use of Color

bulletRealistic - Winslow Homer
bulletOptical - Claude Monet
bulletArbitrary - Matisse & Munch

Color: Psychological Aspects

RED

bulletConsidered a warm color, an advancing color.
bulletPassage of time is overestimated in a red surround.
bulletIt is an active color.
bulletUsed in fast food restaurants
bulletRed cars are considered faster. We have a greater urge to pass them.

Blue

bulletConsidered a restful color.
bulletIt is a receding color.
bulletTime is underestimated in a blue surround.

Colors on Packaging

bulletBlue was considered weak.
bulletYellow too harsh.

Yellow

bulletThe color of Madmen-Kandinsky
bulletA visually fatiguing color

Green

Considered a restful color

Cool and receding

Orange

Warm and advancing

Thought to increase appetite

Considered flattering to human skin tones

Purple

Wavelengths from both ends of the visible spectrum.

Should not be used in critical task areas

After Images

Black & White & Neutrals

Juan Gris

Juan Miro & Munch

If you have questions or comments about any of the material contained in this web, please e-mail Janet Schrock at janets@sfsu.edu.  

This page was last updated  Thursday, January 24, 2002.