(E) Summary of "Primitive" Vascular Plants:
 

Psilophyta	Lycophyta	Sphenophyta	Pterophyta

    Considering the four groups of non-seed-producing vascular plants pictured above, compare the vegetative structures that act as photosynthetic organs. How do they differ from one another? How does this group, as a whole, differ from the mosses and liverworts? Consider the fern gametophyte, and compare it with that of a moss or liverwort. What are the significant types of differences? Size? How is water absorbed from the soil? How complex is the organization of the tissue?
 

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