Cell Biology Biol 350

Instructor: Antipa

pfe.htm 350 final exam Id Final Exam
Biology 350
December 22, 2000 Name

Unless indicated otherwise, each question is worth three (3) points. Answer all questions with only one (1) answer. In the case of an "apparent" tie, the correct answer is the one which is most correct. For true and false questions treat each question in its entirety. Is the statement true or false? For all questions, you MUST ANSWER AS INDICATED BELOW .

FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE AND TRUE AND FALSE, ANSWER BY X-ING OR CIRCLING THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER . Where there is a blank, DO NOT USE IT for your answer. FOR FILL-IN, answer in the blank provided.

1. (8 pts) List four (4) biological roles for each of the four (4) classes of biologically important organic molecules.





















2. ATP is from what general category of biological molecules?



3. Based on weight, living organisms are composed principally of .
a. carbon, hydrogen and phosphorous
b. nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen
c. carbon, calcium and oxygen
d. hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
e. oxygen, silicon and iron

4. A microtubule with MAP's would be considered to be at the level of the structural grades.
a. molecular d. organeller
b. macromolecular e. all of the above
c. suborganellar f. none of the above


5. (10 pts) Name 10 organelles of a eukaryotic cell, give the approximate size of each, and describe the major functional role of each organelle.
























6. This figure is a demonstration of evidence for .

a. proteins in a membrane d. fluidity in a membrane
b. carbohydrates in a membrane e. the docking of vesicles
c. phospholipids in a membrane f. none of the above

7. The presence of some methionine and/or cysteine in most proteins leads to the use of radioactive phosphate to label newly synthesized proteins.
a. True b. False



8. The molecule above represents a .
a. proteolipid d. crystalline water
b. cholesterol with hydophobic ends e. nucleoside
c. phospholid f. acetyl-CoA

9. R-group interactions are most important at the _____________ level of protein structure.
a. primary d. quaternary
b. secondary e. all of the above
c. tertiary f. none of the above

10. is not an inhibitor of oxidative respiration.
a. CO d. rotenone
b. sodium azide e. dinitrophenol
c. chloramphenicol f. all of the above

11. All C3 plants contain ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase.
a. True b. False

12. The method of differential centrifugation separates sub-cellular particles based on their .
a. buoyancy d. isopycnic point
b. size e. isopycnic rate
c. shape f. none of the above


13. The figure above represents .


14. (6 pts) What is the difference between a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody?





















15. (4 pts) Two well known microtubular motor proteins known to be associated with microtubules are the MAP's and .

16. A microtubule appears to be composed of ____________________tubulin protofilaments.
a. 2 d. 11
b. 7 e. 13
c. 9 f. 23


17. The figures above represent the sequence of events during movement of proteins from the nucleus with an amino-signal sequence indicating that is destined to the mitochondria.
a. True b. False


18. (8 pts) Describe a pulse/chase experiment, and explain why such experiments are important to our understanding of intracellular processing and/or DNA synthesis.





























19. Avery, MacLeod and McCarthy achieved bacterial transformation by incubating bacteria with
in vitro .
 a. heat-killed bacteria d. protein
b. live bacteria of a different strain e. chromatin
c. DNA f. none of the above

20. Examples of probably represent the influence of positional inheritance.
a. "tooth" formation in Difflugia d. sliding of microtubules
b. inverted basal body rows in ciliate e. a and b above
c. capping phenomenon f. none of the above

21. (4 pts) What is a second messenger?









22. A nucleosome is a "nuclear body" which contains histone proteins and is surrounded with approximately 150 nucleotide base pairs of DNA and separated from adjacent nucleosomes by an approximately 50 nucleotide base pair "linker."
a. True b. False


23. (10 pts) Mouse L-cell DNA was localized to most of the mouse cell chromosome centromeres. How was this accomplished and what does this early observation mean with respect to future anvances.

















24. Staining techniques can be utilized by cytogeneticsts to identify banding regions of human chromosomes. One of the early techniques used is .
a. feulgen staining d. gram staining
b. janus green B staining e. silver staining
c. giemsa staining f. comassie blue staining

25. DNA synthesis occurs at a replication fork. It is bidirectional, meaning that there are two replication forks originating at each origin, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cells make use of DNA polymerase to duplicate parts of both the leading and lagging strands.
a. True b. False


26. The thermostat of your home heating system represents the .
a. control stimulus d. feedback transducer
b. output e. c and d above
c. control transducer f. b, c, and d above

27. (10 pts) The Meselson/Stahl experiment is arguably the most famous biological experiment of the 20th century. They demonstrated the semi-conservative replication of DNA in a manner so conclusive that it won the nobel prize for Watson and Crick and set the stage for the rapid proliferation of our understanding of the details of DNA replication. Describe the experiment in enough detail to demonstrate your understanding of the experiment. Use the back of this page if necessary.





























28. Huberman and Riggs demonstrated the bidirectional replication from a site of DNA replication origin by the use of incorporated radioactive nitrogenous bases in pulses that changed the specific activity of radioactivity and followed this by autoradiography.
a. True b. False

29. During steady-state exponential growth, which of the following parallel the growth of the cells:
a. protein d. glycogen
b. RNA e. tyrosine aminotransferase
c. DNA f. all of the above


30. Nuclear pores represent something like 10-25% of the eukaryotic nuclear surface membrane, and each pore is slightly less than 10nm in diameter.
a. True b. False


31. The diagram above represents a well studied level of cellular organization. It is the .
a. double helix DNA d. 300nm fiber
b. nucleosomes e. single chromatid
c. 30 nm fiber f. none of the above

32. In the lac operon, allolactose interacts with repressor protein to inactivate its affinity for the operator region of the operon. This occurs .
a. in the presence of glucose
b. in the presence of glucose and lactose
c. in the absence of glucose
d. in the absence of glucose and presence of lactose
e. none of the above

33. In a control system that involves a membrane receptor and a system to transmit thje information across the membrane, if there are multiple receptors on the membrane this may represent a .
a. direct correction system
b. proportional correction system
c. computational correction system
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

34. b-galactosidase represents a(n) gene of E. coli .
a. operator d. structural
b. operon e. repressor
c. regulator f. constitutive


35. (8 pts) On the back of this page, describe the Howard & Pelc experiment in some detail. This is the experiment that led to the algorithm G1-S-G2-M. Please be clear in distinguishing between the actual experimental results and the interpretation of these data. Be sure to include hypothetical data.

36. (4 pts) On the graph below, identify the domain of cell biology, and explain your conclusion.


Final Exam
Biology 350
December 16, 1999 Name

Unless indicated otherwise, each question is worth three (3) points. Answer all questions with only one (1) answer. In the case of an "apparent" tie, the correct answer is the one which is most correct. For true and false questions treat each question in its entirety. Is the statement true or false? For all questions, you MUST ANSWER AS INDICATED BELOW .

FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE AND TRUE AND FALSE, ANSWER BY X-ING OR CIRCLING THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER . Where there is a blank, DO NOT USE IT for your answer.

2. A nucleosome is a "nuclear body" which contains histone proteins and is surrounded with approximately 150 nucleotide base pairs of DNA and separated from adjacent nucleosomes by an approximately 50 nucleotide base pair "linker."
a. True b. False

3. Mouse satellite DNA represents one of the first examples of using DNA-DNA hybridization techniques in situ to localize a DNA molecule on a chromosome(s).
a. True b. False

4. Staining techniques can be utilized by cytogeneticsts to identify banding regions of human chromosomes. One of the early techniques used is .
a. feulgen staining d. gram staining
b. janus green B staining e. silver staining
c. giemsa staining f. comassie blue staining

5. John Cairns used labeling and autoradiography to show the complete genome of a prokaryotic cell in the process of replication. He showed 'eyes' in the area of duplication and wondered whether there was one or two active duplication 'forks.'
a. True b. False

6. Nuclear pores represent something like 10-25% of the eukaryotic nuclear surface membrane, and each pore is slightly less than 10nm in diameter.
a. True b. False

7. Epinephrine induced cyclic AMP acts as an intermediate which is responsible for
.
 a. activation of protein kinases
b. activation of glycogen phosphorylase
c. deactivation of glycogen synthetase
d. activation of adenyl cyclase
e. inactivation of glycolysis

On the back of this page, please answer the following two questions:

8. (10 pts) What is the cell cycle? Describe the Howard & Pelc experiment that led to the algorithm G1-S-G2-M.

9. (8 pts) What is bacterial transformation, what was the Avery et al. pneumococcus transformation experiment, and what was its significance?



10. The cover of your textbook shows a brightly stained mitotic spindle with red .
a. microtubules d. chromosomes
b. magnetic beads e. all of the above
c. telomeres f. none of the above

11. In the lac operon, allolactose interacts with repressor protein to inactivate its affinity for the operator region of the operon. This occurs .
a. in the presence of glucose
b. in the presence of glucose and lactose
c. in the absence of glucose
d. in the absence of glucose and presence of lactose
e. none of the above

12. In a control system that involves a membrane receptor and a system to transmit thje information across the membrane, if there are multiple receptors on the membrane this may represent a .
a. direct correction system
b. proportional correction system
c. computational correction system
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

13. b-galactosidase represents a(n) gene of E. coli .
a. operator d. structural
b. operon e. repressor
c. regulator f. constitutive

14. During steady-state exponential growth, which of the following parallel the growth of the cells:
a. protein d. glycogen
b. RNA e. tyrosine aminotransferase
c. DNA f. all of the above

15. Based on your understanding of DNA synthesis as it occurs in eukaryotic cells, you would expect DNA to occur as a(n) function in a synchronized culture.
a. asynchronous d. b or c above
b. step e. a or b above
c. peak f. none of the above

16. Comparative studies of the G1-S-G2-M cell cycle in a variety of cell types suggests that a decrease in growth rate is represented by an increase in the time spent in __________.
a. G1 d. a or b above
b. S e. a or c above
c. G2 f. none of the above

17. (10 pts) On the back of this page describe the role of phospholipids in the membrane? cholesterol? proteins? carbohydrates?





18. (10 pts) On the back of this page, explain how cell biology represents a unifying discipline of biology? And, below, show where cell biology fits into the Ehret diagram of size and time. and b. clearly show where

you

fit into the Ehret diagram (where is your domain in this diagram, where are you?).


19. (8 pts) Please answer on the back of this page. Briefly describe the nature, structure, and biological role(s) of the four (4) classes of biologically important molecules.

20. Proteins have a polarity, and as a result, carboxyl and disulfide ends can be identified.
a. True b. False

21. The main difference between a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope is the wavelength of the illuminating beam.
a. True b. False

22. Nuclei are larger than mitochondria which are larger than ribosomes, but ribosomes are smaller than both lysosomes and peroxisomes.
a. True b. False



23. (10 pts) On the back of this page please explain what signal sequences are, how signal sequences target proteins to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and what is an SRP?

23. Based on weight, living organisms are composed principally of .
a. carbon, hydrogen and phosphorous
b. nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen
c. carbon, calcium and oxygen
d. hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
e. oxygen, silicon and iron

24. A microtubule without MAP's would be considered to be at the level of the structural grades.
a. molecular d. organeller
b. macromolecular e. all of the above
c. suborganellar f. none of the above

25. Fab fragments of antibodies can be enzymatically produced with papain and represent useful univalent molecular probes.
a. True b. False

26. Desmosomes are usually small button-shaped areas which associate adjacent cells and provide for movement of small molecules between cells and electronic coupling of cells.
a. True b. False

On the reverse side of this page, please answer the following:
27. (10 pts) What is the relationship between the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the T-tubules? What is a T-tubule?

28. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation .
a. CO2 is added to ribulose
b. Water is cleaved to 2H+, 2e- and 1/2 O2
c. electrons are transferred in the respiratory cytochromes
d. glucose is cleaved to phosphoglyceraldehyde
e. 2 molecules of phosphoglyceraldehyde are combined to form glucose
f. oxaloacetate is produced for later oxidation by rubisco

29. Heavy meromyosin (HMM) can be used to identify and localize myosin in situ .
a. True b. False

30. Basal bodies and centrioles tend to develop in association with .
a. nuclei d. golgi
b. mitochondria e. other basal bodies and centrioles
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum f. none of the above

Final Exam
Biology 350
December 15, 1998 Name

Unless indicated otherwise, each question is worth three (3) points. Answer all questions with only one (1) answer. In the case of an "apparent" tie, the correct answer is the one which is most correct. For true and false questions treat each question in its entirety. Is the statement true or false? For all questions, you MUST ANSWER AS INDICATED BELOW .

FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE AND TRUE AND FALSE, ANSWER BY X-ING OR CIRCLING THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER . Where there is a blank, DO NOT USE IT for your answer.

4. A telomere is represented by a redundant DNA sequence (e.g. TTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGG. . . . . ) which is located at the end of each chromatid.
a. True b. False

5. A nucleosome is a "nuclear body" which contains histone proteins and is surrounded with approximately 150 nucleotide base pairs of DNA and separated from adjacent nucleosomes by an approximately 50 nucleotide base pair "linker."
a. True b. False

6. Mouse satellite DNA represents one of the first examples of using DNA-DNA hybridization techniques in situ to localize a DNA molecule on a chromosome(s).
a. True b. False

7. Staining techniques can be utilized by cytogeneticsts to identify banding regions of human chromosomes. One of the early techniques used is .
a. feulgen staining d. gram staining
b. janus green B staining e. silver staining
c. giemsa staining f. comassie blue staining

8. DNA synthesis occurs at a replication fork. It is bidirectional, meaning that there are two replication forks originating at each origin, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cells make use of DNA polymerase to duplicate parts of both the leading and lagging strands.
a. True b. False

9. Nuclear pores represent something like 10-25% of the eukaryotic nuclear surface membrane, and each pore is slightly less than 10nm in diameter.
a. True b. False

10. Epinephrine induced cyclic AMP acts as an intermediate which is responsible for
.
 a. activation of protein kinases
b. activation of glycogen phosphorylase
c. deactivation of glycogen synthetase
d. activation of adenyl cyclase
e. inactivation of glycolysis

11. (4 pts) On the back of this page briefly explain, what is a second messenger?

12. The thermostat of your home heating system represents the .
a. control stimulus
b. response
c. control transducer
d. feedback transducer
e. c and d above
f. b, c, and d above

13. In the lac operon, allolactose interacts with repressor protein to inactivate its affinity for the operator region of the operon. This occurs .
a. in the presence of glucose
b. in the presence of glucose and lactose
c. in the absence of glucose
d. in the absence of glucose and presence of lactose
e. none of the above

14. In a control system that involves a membrane receptor and a system to transmit thje information across the membrane, if there are multiple receptors on the membrane this may represent a .
a. direct correction system
b. proportional correction system
c. computational correction system
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

15. b-galactosidase represents a(n) gene of E. coli .
a. operator d. structural
b. operon e. repressor
c. regulator f. constitutive

16. During steady-state exponential growth, which of the following parallel the growth of the cells:
a. protein d. glycogen
b. RNA e. tyrosine aminotransferase
c. DNA f. all of the above

17. Based on your understanding of DNA synthesis as it occurs in eukaryotic cells, you would expect DNA to occur as a(n) function in a synchronized culture.
a. asynchronous d. b or c above
b. step e. a or b above
c. peak f. none of the above

18. Comparative studies of the G1-S-G2-M cell cycle in a variety of cell types suggests that a decrease in growth rate is represented by an increase in the time spent in __________.
a. G1 d. a or b above
b. S e. a or c above
c. G2 f. none of the above

19. (6 pts) On the back of this page, describe the Howard & Pelc experiment that led to the algorithm G1-S-G2-M.

20. (4 pts) What is the synaptonemal complex?

21. (4 pts) On the graph below, identify the domain of cell biology, and explain your conclusion.


22. (6 pts) Please answer on the back of this page. Briefly describe the nature, structure, and biological role(s) of the four (4) classes of biologically important molecules.

23. Proteins have a polarity, and as a result, carboxyl and disulfide ends can be identified.
a. True b. False

24. The main difference between a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope is the wavelength of the illuminating beam.
a. True b. False

25. Nuclei are larger than mitochondria which are larger than ribosomes, but ribosomes are smaller than both lysosomes and peroxisomes.
a. True b. False

26. (4 pts) Distinguish between liposomes and lysosomes.

27. Based on weight, living organisms are composed principally of .
a. carbon, hydrogen and phosphorous
b. nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen
c. carbon, calcium and oxygen
d. hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
e. oxygen, silicon and iron

28. A microtubule without MAP's would be considered to be at the level of the structural grades.
a. molecular d. organeller
b. macromolecular e. all of the above
c. suborganellar f. none of the above

29. Fab fragments of antibodies can be enzymatically produced with papain and represent useful univalent molecular probes.
a. True b. False

30. Desmosomes are usually small button-shaped areas which associate adjacent cells and provide for movement of small molecules between cells and electronic coupling of cells.
a. True b. False

31. (5 pts) On the reverse side of this page, please answer the following:
Pardue and Gall were able to identify mouse satellite DNA as centromeric heterochromatin. Briefly outline how they accomplished this.

32. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation .
a. CO2 is added to ribulose
b. Water is cleaved to 2H+, 2e- and 1/2 O2
c. electrons are transferred in the respiratory cytochromes
d. glucose is cleaved to phosphoglyceraldehyde
e. 2 molecules of phosphoglyceraldehyde are combined to form glucose
f. oxaloacetate is produced for later oxidation by rubisco

33. Heavy meromyosin (HMM) can be used to identify and localize myosin in situ .
a. True b. False

34. Basal bodies and centrioles tend to develop in association with .
a. nuclei d. golgi
b. mitochondria e. other basal bodies and centrioles
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum f. none of the above

35. In the Meselson-Stahl density labeling experiment the semi-conservative replication of DNA was shown by _____________________ following transfer to N14 medium.
a. the formation of all N14 labelled DNA after 1 fission
b. the formation of hybrid N14-N15 DNA after 1 fission
c. the formation of all N15 DNA after 1 fission
d. the formation of all N14-N15 DNA after 2 fissions
e. the formation of all N14 DNA after 2 fissions
f. the formation of all N15 DNA after 2 fissions

36. In eucaryotic cells the difference(s) between organellar and cytoplasmic ribosomes is(are)
their .
a. size
b. protein and RNA content
c. drug sensitivity
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

37. (8 pts) Briefly outline the entire process of photosynthesis. Be sure to include in your description where energy transformations take place with respect to chloroplast structure and identify the products of these transformations. You may use the back of this page.




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Last modified on: Mon Aug 20 12:14:24 PST 2001